Aluminum Structures: Specifications and Design
Aluminum Structures: A Guide to Their Specifications and Design
By J. Randolph Kissell, Robert L. Ferry
BRIEF CONTENTS
PART I – INTRODUCTION
-
What’s in This Book?
-
What Is Aluminum?
- Metal in Construction
- Many Metals from Which to Choose
- When to Choose Aluminum
- Introduction
- Factors to Consider
- Aluminum Alloys and Tempers
- Introduction
- Wrought Alloys
- Tempers
- Structural Applications of Aluminum
- Background
- Building and Construction Applications
3 Working with Aluminum
- Product Forms
- Extrusions
- Sheet and Plate
- Forgings
- Castings
- Prefabricated Products
- Coatings and Finishes
- Mill Finish
- Anodized Finishes
- Painted Finishes
- Mechanical Finishes
- Cladding
- Roofing and Siding Finishes
- Erection
PART II – STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM
4 Material Properties for Design
- Minimum and Typical Properties
- Strengths
- Modulus of Elasticity, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio
- Fracture Properties
- The Effect of Welding on Mechanical Properties
- The Effect of Temperature on Aluminum Properties
- Fire Resistance
- Hardness
- Physical Properties
- Aluminum Material Specifications
- Alloy Identification
- Certification Documentation
5 Explanation of the Aluminum Specification
- Tension Members
- Tensile Strength
- Net Area
- Effective Net Area
- Maximum Slenderness Ratios for Tension Members
- Compression Members
- Overall Buckling (Columns)
- Local Buckling (Components of Columns)
- Members in Bending
- Bending Yielding and Fracture
- Bending Buckling
- Bending Shear
- Torsion
- Venant Torsion
- Warping Torsion
- A Final Note
- Combined Stresses
- Combined Axial Compression and Bending
- Combined Tension and Bending
- Combined Shear, Compression, and Bending
- Biaxial and Triaxial Stresses
6 Orientation to the Aluminum Specification
- Background
- The Aluminum Design Manual
- Types of Structures Addressed by the Aluminum Specification
- Significant Figures and the Aluminum Specification
PART III – DESIGN CHECKS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
7 Structural Members
- Tension Member Design Procedure
- Net Effective Area
- Allowable Stress
- Tensile Capacity
- Compression Member Design Procedure
- Overall Column Slenderness Ratio
- Slenderness Ratio of Cross-Sectional Elements
- Allowable Column Stress of Typical Shapes
- Summary of Allowable Column Stress
- Bending Member Design Procedure
- Bending Tension
- Bending Compression
- Shear
- Combined Stresses Design Procedure
- Combined Axial Compression and Bending
- Combined Tension and Bending
- Combined Shear, Compression, and Bending
8 Connections
- Mechanical Connections
- Introduction
- Types of Fasteners
- Fastener Material Selection
- Fastener Mechanical Properties
- Types of Loads on Fasteners
- Types of Bolted Connections
- Holes
- Failure Modes for Mechanically Fastened Joints
- Tensile Loads on Fasteners
- Shear Loads on Fasteners
- Combined Shear and Tension on Bolts
- Bearing Strength and Edge Distance
- Tension Strength of Connected Parts
- Shear Rupture
- Minimum Spacing and Edge Distance
- Maximum Edge Distance and Spacing
- Screw Connections
- Minimum Requirements for Connections
- Welded Connections
- Aluminum Welding Processes
- Selecting a Filler Alloy
- Types of Welds
- Comparing Aluminum and Steel Fillet Weld Safety Factors
- Weld Fabrication
- Weld Quality Assurance
9 Special Topics
- Welded Members
- What Welding Does to Aluminum
- Types of Welded Members
- Welded Tension Members
- Welded Compression Members
- Post-Weld Heat Treatment
- Fatigue
- Fatigue—What Is It Again?
- Fatigue Design: The Ground Rules
- Variable Amplitude Fatigue Design
- Aluminum Versus Steel in Fatigue
- Other Factors in Fatigue
- A Final Word
- Recent Developments in Aluminum Structures
- Friction Stir Welding
- Alloy 6082
- Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
- The New Aluminum AutomotiveAlloys
- Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites
PART IV – DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
10 Structural Systems Built with Aluminum
- Cold-Formed Aluminum Construction
- Building Sheathing
- Cold-Formed Aluminum Design
- Elastically Supported Flanges
- Aluminum Frames
- System Description
- Model for Analysis
- Getting Started
- Analyzing the Dome
- Design Checks
- Aluminum Composite Members
- Composite Beams
- Thermal Stresses
- Dissimilar Material Contact
- Aluminum Pressure Piping
- Aluminum Plate Structures
- Stiffeners
- Compressive Strengths
- Fabrication
PART V – LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN
11 Load and Resistance Factor Design
- New Tricks for Old Dogs
- LRFD—The Concept
- What’s New: Load Factors
- What’s the Same
- When Do I Use LRFD?
- Which Way Lets Me Use Less Metal?
- The General Expression for Comparing LRFD to ASD
- How They Came Up with the LRFD Specification
- How Do I Actually Start Using LRFD?
- The Future of the ASD and LRFD Aluminum Specifications
Appendixes
- Section Properties of Common Aluminum Shapes
- Minimum Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys
- Allowable Stresses for Elements of Common Aluminum Shapes
- LRFD Design Stresses for Elements of Common Aluminum Shapes
- Column Buckling Allowable Stress
- Summary of the Aluminum Specification Design Provisions for Columns and Beams
- Cross Reference to the Aluminum Specification
- LRFD Design Stresses for Various Alloys
- Other Aluminum Structural Design Specifications
- Buckling Constants
- Metric Conversions
- Statistics
Glossary
