Sheet Metal Forming with Bending

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The main sheet metal forming groups are processes:

forming with compressive stresses,
forming with combined compressive and tensile stresses,
forming with tensile stresses,
forming with bending, and
forming with shear.

The bending group

Now we will look at the bending group. To this group belong processes where the flow in the deformation zone is caused by a bending moment, created either by external compressive or tensile loads or by external moments. Examples are:

Air bending,
Die bending,
Folding,
Roll bending,
Roll forming,
Roller flanging.

Air Bending

In this process, a tool, typical the upper tool in a press brake, is causing a bend of a sheet without any forming support from the lower tool.

Figure 1 – Air bending

Video: Sheet Metal Forming with Bending

Die Bending

In this process, a female die is used together with the male die to give better tolerances to the bent profile The final stage of the process is often a calibrating force exerted between the dies.

Figure 2 – Die bending

Folding and Wiping

In these bending operations, one part of the sheet is clamped and the free part is moved in a folding motion by a forming tool.

Figure 3 – Folding

Roll Bending

In this process, a cylindrical component is produced from a sheet by passing it between three staggered rolls.

Figure 4 – Roll bending

Roll Forming

This process is the shaping of a (often complicated) long profile by passing a strip material from a coil through a number of forming rolls.

Figure 5 – Roll forming

Roller Flanging

This is the production of a flange on a hollow component by means of two shaped opposing rolls.

Figure 6 – Roller flanging

The source:

Design of Forming Processes: Sheet Metal Forming / T. Wanheim // Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys – 2019