Light Alloys: Metallurgy of the Light Metals (2017)
By Ian Polmear, David StJohn, Jian-Feng Nie, Ma Qian
SELECTED CONTENTS
1 The Light Metals
General Introduction
- Characteristics of light metals and alloys
- Beryllium
- Relative abundance
- Trends in production and applications
- Recycling
Production of Aluminium
- Bayer process for alumina recovery
- Production of aluminium by the Hall–Héroult process
- Alternative methods for producing aluminium
Production of Magnesium
- Electrolytic extraction of magnesium
- Thermic processes
Production of Titanium
2 Physical Metallurgy of Aluminium Alloys
Work Hardening and Annealing
- Strain-hardening characteristics
- Substructure hardening
- Forming limit curves
- Textures
- Secondary work-hardening effects
- Annealing Behavior
Principles of Age Hardening
- Decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions
- The GP zones solvus
- Precipitate-free zones at grain boundaries
- Microalloying effects
- Hardening mechanisms
Ageing Processes
- Precipitation sequences
- Clustering phenomena
- GPB zones in Al–Cu–Mg alloys
- Intermediate precipitates
- Secondary precipitation
Corrosion
- Surface oxide film
- Contact with dissimilar metals
- Influence of alloying elements and impurities
- Crevice corrosion
- Cavitation corrosion
- Waterline corrosion
- Metallurgical and thermal treatments
Mechanical Behaviour
- Tensile properties
- Toughness
- Fatigue
- Stress–corrosion cracking
- Corrosion fatigue
- Creep
3 Casting of Light Alloys
Introduction
Solidification of Light Alloys
- Grain formation
- Nucleation of the primary phase
- Grain growth and morphology
- Eutectic solidification
Grain Refinement
- Factors influencing grain refinement
- Grain refinement by refinement methods and inoculation with
master alloys- Aluminium alloys
- Magnesium alloys
Castability
- Fluidity
- Volumetric shrinkage
- Porosity
- Hot tearing
Casting Processes
- Introduction
- Melting
- Aluminium alloys
- Magnesium alloys
- High-pressure die casting
- Aluminium alloys
- Die soldering
- Heat treatment
- Magnesium alloys
- Semi-solid processing
- Squeeze casting
- Gravity and low-pressure casting processes
- Sand and precision sand casting processes
- Sand casting
- Cosworth process
- ILP Process
New Casting Processes
- T-Mag
- Ablation casting
- Application of external fields
- Melt conditioning
- Ultrasound and magnetic fields
- Twin-roll casting of magnesium
- Joining
4 Wrought Aluminium Alloys
Production of Wrought Alloys
- Melting and casting
- Continuous casting with moving molds
- Homogenization of DC ingots
- Fabrication of DC ingots
- Thermal treatment
- Solution treatment
- Quenching
- Ageing
- Thermomechanical processing
Designation of Alloys and Tempers
- Nomenclature of alloys
- Temper or heat treatment nomenclatures
Non-Heat-Treatable Alloys
- Super-purity and commercial-purity aluminium (1xxx series)
- Al–Mn and Al–Mn–Mg alloys (3xxx series)
- Al–Mg alloys (5xxx series)
- Miscellaneous alloys (8xxx series)
Heat-Treatable Alloys
- Al–Cu alloys (2xxx series)
- Al–Cu–Mg alloys (2xxx series)
- Al–Mg–Si alloys (6xxx series)
- Al–Zn–Mg alloys (7xxx series)
- Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys (7xxx series)
- Lithium-containing alloys
Joining
- Welding
- Arc welding
- Friction stir welding
- Laser welding
- Brazing
- Soldering
- Diffusion bonding
Special Products
- Aircraft alloys
- Automotive sheet and structural alloys
- Shipping
- Building and construction
- Packaging
- Canstock
- Foil
- Powder metallurgy products
- Conventional processing
- Spray forming
- Aluminium alloy bearing
- Superplastic alloys
- Electrical conductor alloys
- Electric storage batteries
- Aluminium-air batteries
- Aluminium-ion batteries
5 Cast Aluminium Alloys
Designation, Temper, and Characteristics of Cast Aluminium Alloys
- US Aluminium Association System
- British system
Alloys Based on the Aluminium–Silicon System
- Modification
- Binary Al–Si alloys
- Al–Si–Mg alloys
- Al–Si–Cu alloys
Alloys Based on the Aluminium–Copper System
Aluminium–Magnesium Alloys
Aluminium–Zink–Magnesium Alloys
6 Magnesium Alloys
Introduction to Alloying Behavior
Alloy Designations and Tempers
Zirconium-Free Casting Alloys
Zirconium-Containing Casting Alloys
Wrought Magnesium Alloys
Electrochemical Aspects
Fabrication of Components
Trends in Applications
7 Titanium Alloys
Introduction
- Classification of titanium alloys
- Basic principles of heat treatment
α-Alloys
- General
- Fully-α alloys
- Near-α alloys
- Ti–Cu age-hardening alloy
α-β Alloys
- Introduction to Ti-6Al-4V and other common α-β alloys
- Annealing treatments
- Properties of annealed α–β alloys
- Quenching from β phase field
- Ageing of titanium martensites
- Decomposition of metastable β during ageing
- Solution treated and aged (STA) α–β alloys
β-Alloys
- Basic physical metallurgy
- β-Titanium aerospace alloys
- Specialty alloys
Fabrication
- Hot working
- Superplastic forming
- Cold working
- Texture effects
- Machining
- Surface treatments
- Joining
- Powder metallurgy processes
Titanium Alloy Casting
Engineering Performance
- Tensile and creep properties
- Fatigue properties
- Fracture toughness
- Corrosion
- Stress–corrosion cracking
- Corrosion fatigue
Applications of Titanium Alloys
- Aerospace
- General applications
- Chemical and pharmaceutical equipment
- Power generation
- Automotive
- Marine
- Military hardware
- Architectural
- Sports
- Dental and medical prostheses
8 Novel Materials and Processing Methods
Composites
- Laminated composites
- Sandwich panels
- Metal–matrix composites
- Aluminium alloys
- Magnesium alloys
- Titanium alloys
Metallic Foams
Rapid Solidification Processing
- Aluminium alloys
- Magnesium alloys
- Titanium alloys
