Refractories for Aluminium: Electrolysis and the Cast House
By A. Yurkov (2015)
BRIEF CONTENTS
The Properties of Refractory and Heat Insulation Materials
- Classifications and Some Words About Quality Control
- Density, Porosity, and Related Characteristics
- Mechanical Characteristics
- Compressive and Bending Strength
- Modulus of Elastic, Hardness and Weibull Modulus
- Elements of Fracture Mechanics
- Thermomechanical Properties
- Refractoriness
- Hot Modulus of Rupture
- Reheat Change. Permanent Linear Change on Reheating
- High-Temperature Deformation. Characteristic Points and Softening Point
- Сreep
- Thermal Conductivity, Heat Capacity, and Temperature Conductivity
(Heat Diffusivity)- Elements of Theory
- The Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
- Methods of Thermal Conductivity Measurements
Based on the Principle of Stationary Heat Flow - Methods of Thermal Conductivity Measurements
(Heat Diffusivity)
- Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion, Thermal Strains, and
Thermal Shock Resistance- Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion
- Thermal Expansion of Refractory and
(Heat Diffusivity) - Measurement of Linear Coefficients of ThermalExpansion
- Thermal Strains
- Thermal Shock
- Thermal Shock Factors
- Thermal Shock Resistance Measurements
- Corrosion Resistance
- Elements of Theory
- Tests
Refractories and Carbon Cathode Materials for Aluminium Reduction Cells
- Reduction of Aluminium.
Elements of Reduction Technology.
(Heat Diffusivity).
Elements of Energy Balance and Heat Balance of Reduction Cell.
Reduction Shop.
Types of Reduction Cells - Lining of Reduction Cells. Preheating, Startup, and Operation.
Retrofit of Cells and Tendencies.
The Main Causes of Failures.
Dry Autopsies- Brief Information on the Lining of Reduction Cells
- Preheating and the Startup of Reduction Cells
- Some Words About Service Life and the Main Reasons for Shutdowns
- Dry Autopsies
- Carbon Cathode Bottom Blocks
- Types and Properties
- Elements of Technology, Raw Materials, and Processing
- Defects in Carbon Cathode Blocks
- Testing and Characterization
- Some Words on Grades of CarbonCathode Blocks
- Some Words on the Structure of CarbonCathode Blocks in Connection with Grain Size, Composition, Sintering, and PoreSize Structure
- Interaction of Carbon Cathode Blocks with the Steel Shell and the Collector Bars.
Cracks Induced by Thermal Strains and Thermal Shock - (Heat Diffusivity)
Wear
Infiltration - Carbon Ramming Paste
- Coatings of Carbon Cathode Blocks and NewCathode Materials. Drained Cathode
- Side Lining
- Side Lining Materials
- (Heat Diffusivity)
- Silicon Carbide Side Lining
- (Heat Diffusivity)
- Silicon Carbide Mortars, Ramming Mixesand Castables
for Installation of SiC Side Lining
- Refractory Barrier Materials of the Cell Lining.
Dry Barrier Mixes and Bricks.
Properties and Chemical
The Processes During Service.
Interactions with Infiltrated Electrolyte.
Change of Properties.
Lenses- Bricks and Dry Barrier Mixtures
- Corrosion Resistance Testing
- Chemical Interaction of Sodium Fluoride Salts
with Alumina Silica Refractories - The Influence of Porosity and Permeability
on Corrosion Resistance of Refractories - Some More Words on Barriers for ElectrolytePenetration
- Heat Refractory Insulation Materials for the Lining of Reduction Cells
- (Heat Diffusivity)
- Perlite-Based Heat Insulation Materials
- Vermiculite-Based Heat Insulation Materials
- Calcium Silicate Heat Insulation Materials
- Thermal Aging of Heat Insulation Materials at Service and
Thermal Conductivity of Infiltrated Heat Insulation Materials
Refractories and Heat Insulation Materials for the Cast House
- Cast House
- Physical and Chemical Interaction of Refractories
with Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys- Chemical Interaction of Aluminium and Aluminium-Based Alloys with Components of Refractories
- Antiwetting Admixtures to AluminaSilica Refractories
- Wetting of Alumina Silica Refractoriesby Molten Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys
- Some Words on Corrosion Mechanism
- Tests for Corrosion Resistance
- Refractory Materials
- Elements of Lining Design
- Some Words on Drying and Preheatingof Furnaces
- Melting and Holding Furnaces
- Induction Furnaces, Ladles
- Ladles
- (Heat Diffusivity), Casting Equipment.
Elimination of Asbestos-Containing Materials- (Heat Diffusivity)
- Ceramic Foam Filters
Refractories for Anode Baking Furnaces
- Lining
