Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques and Design / John Campbell
Casting Metallurgy
Chapter 1 – The Melt
- Reactions of Melt with its Environment
- Transport of Gases in Melt
- Surface Film Formation
- Vaporization
Chapter 2 – Entrainment
- Entrainment Defects
- Bifilms
- Bubbles
- Extrinsic Inclusions
- Entrainment Processes
- Surface Turbulence
- Oxide Skins from Melt Charge Material
- Pouring
- Oxide Lap Defect I: Surface Flooding
- Oxide Lap Defect II: The Confluence Weld
- The Oxide Flow Tube
- Microjetting
- Bubbles Trails
- Furling and Unfurling
- Deactivation of Entrained Films
- Soluble, Transient Films
- Detrainment
- Evidence for Bifilms
- The Importance of Bifilms
- The Four Common Populations of Bifilms
Chapter 3 – Flow
- Effect of Surface Films on Filling
- Effective Surface Tension
- The Rolling Way
- The Unzipping Way
- Fluidity
- Fluidity Definition
- Mode of Solidification
- Effect of Velocity
- Effect of Viscosity
- Effect of Solidification Time
- Effect of Surface Tension
- Effect of an Unstable Substrate
- Comparison of Fluidity Tests
- Effect of Vibration
- Extended Fluidity
- Continuous Fluidity